Discrimination appears to be widespread in Germany. According to the Federal Anti‑Discrimination Agency, which cited data from the main survey of the Socio‑Economic Panel (SOEP), more than 13 % of the German population reported experiencing discrimination in the past twelve months. That translates to roughly nine million adults.
The findings reveal clear differences among various groups. People with a migration background report discrimination far more often than those without such a background. Muslims and those who face racial stereotyping are especially affected, as are women, transgender and intersex individuals, non‑binary people, people with disabilities, and chronically ill citizens.
The study also exposes the consequences of discrimination. Those affected say they suffer poorer health, reduced life satisfaction, psychological strain, and diminished trust in the state. Yet the majority (56 %) appear to see no reason to take action against disadvantage. This points to a lack of confidence in legal protection against discrimination.
Discrimination is reported across almost all areas of life. The most frequent settings are public spaces, access to goods and services, work, health and care, schools, contact with authorities and the police, and house or apartment searches.
The research indicates that discrimination often occurs in areas where the General Equal Treatment Act (AGG) provides little or no protection-such as on the street or during interaction with the state. Nearly one in five people report disadvantages from offices, authorities, or police. Low‑income individuals, non‑German passport holders, and those caring for relatives or children are also particularly vulnerable.
Anti‑Discrimination Commissioner Ferda Ataman urges that the AGG reform announced in the coalition agreement be implemented swiftly. She also stresses that victims need more support to actually confront discrimination: “Many people have to deal with discrimination alone, partly because there is too little advice, the legal situation is not well known, and the law often makes it hard to defend oneself. We need more support, education, and awareness. It is high time to better protect people in Germany from discrimination”.