A partial halt in German arms exports to Israel is being interpreted as a significant political signal, according to conflict and peace researcher Thorsten Bonacker of Marburg University. He described the move by the German government as noteworthy, particularly given previous responses had largely been limited to moderate criticism. As Germany ranks as Israel’s second-largest arms exporter, Bonacker emphasized the symbolic importance of the decision.
Simultaneously, the reaffirmation by German Chancellor Friedrich Merz of Israel’s right to defend itself against Hamas is seen as an indication of continued fundamental support for Israel. Bonacker also suggests the move serves a preventative purpose, mitigating potential criticism that the government is distancing itself from Israel and aligning with those advocating for Palestinian statehood and increased pressure on the Israeli government.
Israeli historian Moshe Zimmermann welcomed the decision, stating it was long overdue. He argued that a signal of discontent with Israeli policy should have been communicated earlier, but acknowledged that a response, however belated, is valuable. Zimmermann anticipates limited practical effect, however, as Israel’s military relies primarily on domestic and US production. He also noted the inflexibility of the Israeli government, but stressed the importance of the German action as a symbolic gesture.
Conversely, historian Michael Wolffsohn criticized the cessation of German arms deliveries, arguing it fails to align with the government’s own stated objectives. Wolffsohn, speaking to the need for a coherent foreign policy strategy, pointed to Chancellor Merz’s stated priorities of securing the release of hostages and disarming Hamas, arguing these goals necessitate continued arms supplies to Israel. He also highlighted reciprocal needs, suggesting Germany would benefit from Israeli drone technology, missile defense systems, collaboration on counter-terrorism and IT expertise.
Wolfsson added that Germany appeared to overestimate its own importance in the context of arms supplies, asserting that the United States remains the primary supplier and continues to deliver weapons to Israel.